This literature review aimed to analyze modern studies evaluating the effectiveness of neuropsychological interventions for children with ASD. The focus was on research from 2021 to 2025 that relied on a neuropsychological approach in assessing the studied factors and developing intervention programs, and in which the sample included only individuals under 18 years of age. The review identified and characterized several types of promising neuropsychological interventions, including technology-mediated interventions, eye-tracking-based approaches, sensorimotor interventions, cognitive-linguistic interventions, and individualized interventions. The analysis revealed a predominance of medium-sized samples averaging 30–40 participants, frequent use of quasi-experimental research designs, combinations of neuropsychological tests with objective measurement methods, and limitations in the use of parametric statistical methods due to the heterogeneity of samples involving children with ASD. Additionally, methodological recommendations were developed for organizing future research, including choosing an appropriate study design and sample size, selecting statistical analysis methods, and structuring neuropsychological intervention programs.