The problem of self-regulation and stress tolerance of students who study in the field of medicine remains one of the most urgent in modern psychological science. The period of professional development in the medical field is accompanied by high emotional and cognitive stress, which requires students to have stable mechanisms of self-regulation and psychological stability. The purpose of this study was to study the relationship between the level of self-regulation of behavior and psychological stress tolerance in medical college students, as well as to identify the main patterns of their interaction. 62 second-year medical college students participated in the study. The methods of V. I. Morosanova's “Style of self-regulation of behavior” and V. V. Raspopin's “Questionnaire of psychological resistance to stress” (OPUS) were used as empirical methods. Only the general integral indicators were analyzed using two methods. The results showed that the majority of respondents demonstrated an average level of both self-regulation and stress tolerance. A statistically significant positive correlation was found between the two variables (Spearman coefficient θ = +0.62, p < 0.01), indicating that higher levels of self-regulation are associated with greater resistance to stress. This discovery confirms the crucial role of conscious self-regulation in maintaining emotional stability and adaptive behavior in stressful situations. The results obtained have practical value for psychological services in educational institutions, which indicates the need to develop preventive and developmental programs aimed at strengthening self-regulation skills and emotional stability among medical students.