This article examines the psychological mechanism underlying the formation of social responsibility among university students through engagement in volunteer activities. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, including questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and correlation analysis. Based on empirical data and modern scientific literature, the research identifies an integrated mechanism combining moral reflection, empathic engagement, and social identification. Quantitative results show that participation in volunteer activities significantly enhances students’ levels of social responsibility, empathy, and moral reflection. Qualitative findings confirm the deepening of civic awareness and value orientations through volunteer engagement. The scientific novelty lies in substantiating a comprehensive psychological mechanism where moral reflection, empathy, and social identification jointly contribute to the development of social responsibility. Practical significance includes recommendations for integrating volunteer programs into the educational environment to foster active civic engagement among students.