Cognitive processes  conscious activity aimed at acquiring knowledge of the outside environment by means of mental processes such as perception, thinking, memory, attention and speech.

In this article a relevant problem of cognitive processes development for children with speech impediment is considered; analysis of results received from research of cognitive processes for this category of children is presented; an essential component of the correction and development program that ensures the formation of cognitive processes is suggested.

At the current stage of development social demand for humanization of education process comes to the fore. It cannot be achieved without giving attention to the characteristics of children’s mental development.