The article presents the psychological characteristics of personality-oriented learning of parts of speech in primary school. During the research, the physiological and psychological characteristics of students' perception were determined to develop effective teaching methods for this subject. The article reveals important aspects of thinking, such as comparison, abstraction, refinement operation, as well as components of personality-oriented learning parts, speech analysis, synthesis and saying that the thinking system combines all these elements into one cognitive process. The article gives a characteristic of the principle of scientists-psychologists, who also analyzes the problem of patterns and features of child development in the works of scientists.