The article systematically examines the theoretical and methodological foundations of maintaining psychological health in the context of contemporary psychological science. The study aims to analyze the conceptual structure of the term 'psychological health', its main scientific directions, and interpretations within various theoretical schools. The literature review included a comparative analysis of the work of domestic and international researchers, and a systematization of the key components of psychological health and the factors that contribute to its maintenance (stress, personal resources, value orientations, social support, and psychological well-being). Furthermore, the characteristics of the pathogenetic and salutogenetic approaches to explaining psychological health were identified. Theoretical analysis revealed that maintaining psychological health is closely linked to a person's adaptive capacity, level of self-regulation, and the activity of personal resources. Specifically, stress management, psychological defense mechanisms, and value orientations were described as key factors ensuring psychological stability. This article systematizes modern scientific approaches to the study of psychological health and provides a theoretical basis for understanding its structural and substantive model. The results obtained can serve as a foundation for planning future empirical research and developing practical programs to support psychological health.