The article considers theoretical approaches to the problem of various aspects of adaptation.The essence of the concepts of adaptation, psychological and pedagogical adaptation, as well as the content of the adaptation process, which is determined by the specifics of the subjects of adaptation, setting the direction of its development and the nature of interaction, is revealed.The article analyzes a complex multi-aspect process of psychological and pedagogical adaptation of students-repatriates in higher education, which must be built in the concept of an integrated approach. Special attention is paid to the personal development and features of adaptation in the process of training of students - repatriates at the University, to the new socio-cultural environment, because the success of their educational activities depends on this process. Adaptation makes it possible not only to adapt the individual to new conditions, but also to identify new behaviors when passing through existing difficulties.