In contemporary clinical-psychological and diagnostic classifications, gambling disorder is conceptualized as a behavioral disorder; however, within public and institutional consciousness this disorder continues to be interpreted heterogeneously, in terms of moral failure, social deviance, or criminal behavior. The aim of this study is to analyze social representations of gambling disorder as a behavioral disorder within the clinical-psychological and institutional context of Kazakhstan through a comparative examination of the perspectives of family members of individuals with gambling disorder, practicing psychologists, and law enforcement representatives. The study was conducted using a qualitative interdisciplinary design, incorporating semi-structured in-depth interviews (n = 34) and a survey of relatives of individuals with gambling disorder (n = 22). Data were analyzed using thematic analysis with a comparative approach and triangulation of data sources. The findings demonstrate that social representations of gambling disorder are characterized by pronounced fragmentation. Psychologists predominantly conceptualize gambling disorder as a clinical-psychological condition associated with impaired self-regulation and emotional dysfunction; law enforcement representatives focus on the social and legal consequences of gambling behavior, while family members tend to adopt moral-normative and existential interpretations. These discrepancies generate institutional barriers that hinder early identification of gambling disorder and limit access to psychological support. The practical significance of the study lies in substantiating the need for the development of an integrative interdisciplinary model for the prevention of and assistance with gambling disorder, aimed at reducing stigma and enhancing coordination between families, psychological services, and legal institutions, while accounting for clinical, psychological, social, and legal dimensions as well as the sociocultural specificity of Kazakhstan.