This article presents the results of psycho-correctional work with younger adolescents with a delayed type of mental development (ZPR). Studies of the psychophysical development, psychophysiological state and features of the adaptive characteristics of the tested children with mental retardation prove the need to create pedagogical conditions for psychocorrectional work with children of this category. To study the psychophysical and psychophysiological state, the functional indices of Sheikh-Zadeh and Kerdo were applied. For psycho-correctional work, adaptive methods of correctional and developmental gymnastic exercises were proposed. The identified risk factors for social maladaptation in younger adolescents and the proposed, psychologically based prevention and psychocorrection program were confirmed by the improvement in the psychophysiological state and quality of social adaptation of children with mental retardation.